美国当地时间1月9日，以贵阳市人民政府王玉祥副市长为团长的代表团在Hilton Los Angeles - San Gabriel召开“洛杉矶·贵阳区块链研讨会”并获得空前成功。出席人员有全球比特币基金会主席MR.Brock Pierce、MS.MILANA RABKIN STEM公司创始人CEO等商界和政界代表百余人，贵阳互联网保险金融投资有限公司董事长艾文华在会上做主题为“区块链是驱动保险创新的新动力”的交流发言。

以下为发言全文：

区块链是驱动保险创新的新动力

Block Chain is the New Engine to Drive Insurance’s Innovation

今天想与大家探讨的是区块链这个新兴事物。据预测，2025年全球生产总值的10%将来自于区块链技术的运用。今天区块链技术带来的生产总值占比仅为0.025%，这预示着区块链技术尚处于萌芽阶段，区块链发展空间巨大，将改变现有的商业和技术，为世界带来开创式变化。

Today I want to discuss Block Chain, the new emerging thing, with you. It is predicted that 10% of global GDP will come from the use of Block Chain technology in 2025, but today the global GDP created by it accounts for only 0.025%. That means Block Chain technology is still in its infancy, and it has a huge space for its development, will change the existing business and technology, and will bring pioneering change for the world.

区块链能够产生如此巨大的商业价值，依靠的是自身具备的无法比拟的优势，而在区块链的实际应用中，正如我国最大的财产保险公司人保财险王和副总裁的观点：“保险无疑是一个最好的‘典型场景’，区块链将成为驱动保险创新的新动力，它带来的不仅仅是新技术，更有基于“底层变革”的商业模式创新与迭代”。在区块链滚滚浪潮袭来，我国人保、平安、阳光、众安等保险公司也纷纷落脚区块链。

  It is relying on its own incomparable advantage that Block chain can produce such a huge commercial value. And Insurance plays an important role in Block Chain’s practical application, as the point of view put by Wanghe, the vice president of Chinese largest property insurance company, PICC, goes that, " Insurance is undoubtedly the best ‘typical scenario’, Block Cain will be the new engine that drives insurance’s innovation. It brings us not only a new technology but also business model’s innovation and iteration which is based on ‘the bottom change’.” While Block Chain is rolling like a wave into our daily life, more and more Chinese insurance companies such as PICC, PAIC, YGBX, Zhongan Insurance, etc. have also bring in it.

第一部分 区块链蕴含的巨大价值

Part 1 Block Chain contains tremendous value

2012年以来，区块链领域超过200起融资、并购事件，融资总金额过100亿人民币。2016年上半年全球区块链技术投资规模达到3亿美元，去年9月中国最大的一笔区块链项目投资规模超过2000万美元。区块链项目投资在不断扩大和加速，区块链新技术的出现，将为保险业带来模式和技术的变革，预测到2021年保险技术服务收入可增长至2350亿美元。

  More than 200 events about financing and mergers & acquisitions have been occurred in the Block Chain field since 2012. And the total amounts of financing exceeded to over 100 billion RMB. In the first half of 2016 global Block Chain technology investment reached its extent of 300 million dollars. In September last year, the largest investment project of Chinese Block Chain had its amount that was more than 20 million dollars. The investment for Block Chain project is expanding and accelerating. This new emerging technology is about to make the insurance’s model and technique change, so that we can predict that the revenue of insurance services may increase to $235 billion by 2021.

这个既时髦又陌生的区块链究竟是什么？区块链技术是一种使用去中心化共识机制去维护一个完整的、分布式的、不可篡改的账本数据库的技术，它能够让区块链中的参与者在无须建立信任关系的前提下实现一个统一的账本系统。区块链具有的核心特性是去中心化，使用分布式核算和存储，不存在中心化的硬件或管理机构，同时具有信息不可篡改、信息高度透明、不受任何人干预及匿名的优势。

  What exactly is Block Chain Tech? As for this fashionable but unfamiliar word, we get an understanding that it is a kind of technology which uses decentralized consensus system to maintain an integrating, distributing, and unchangeable database for account books. It can let the participants in Block Chain set up a unified system of account books on the premise of no established trust relationship. The key feature of Block chain is decentralization that is used by us to distribute calculation and storage. It does not have centralized hardware or management institutions, but the advantages like unchangeable information, highly opened information, noninterference as well as anonymity.

近年来，“区块链+”的概念在金融行业逐渐成为亮点。同时区块链技术的蓬勃发展，为保险行业的创新提供了绝佳机会。中国保险业正在区块链作积极尝试：互联网保险的众安在线正在搭建一个以围绕区块链产品开发的服务平台，还有传统保险领域的阳光保险推出的基于区块链的保险卡单，以及互助组织的众托帮也将互助保障计划的会员信息写在区块链上。区块链技术的不断成熟和广泛应用，将给保险业态带来颠覆式的革命。

  In recent years, the concept of “Block Chain +” gradually become a bright spot in the financial industry. And the vigorous development of Block Chain technology provides an excellent chance for the innovation of the insurance industry. People specializing in Chinese insurance industry are trying to work with the method of Block Chain: Zhongan online, the internet insurance company, is building a service platform based on the exploitation of Block Chain’s products; YGBX, the traditional insurance company, is launching insurance card list based on Block Chain; Mutual aid association--Shanghai Zhongtuo Network is writing its member information on Block Chain. Block Chain technology that is increasingly mature and widely used in the insurance industry will bring the insurance forms subverting revolution.  

第二部分 保险行业创新的三大痛点

Part 2 Three pain points of the innovation in the insurance industry

保险是由一些具有共同要求和面临同样风险的人自愿组织起来的，是预交风险损失补偿分摊金的一种形式。保险业起源的损失原则是：“一人为众，众人为一”。目前在保险创新中面临三个突出的问题，即信任、安全和体验。

  Insurance is organized by people voluntarily with common requirements and people facing the same risks. It is a form of accepting the advanced compensation levy for loss. The origin of the insurance loss principle is, "one for all, all for one". Currently the three prominent problems in insurance innovation are namely the trust, security and experience.

首先，是对“保险标的”的信任，这是一个亟需解决的大难题。保险标的是作为保险对象的财产及其有关利益或人的生命和身体，它是可保利益的前提。从保险欺诈的情况来看，特别是涉及到费用补偿和财产赔偿的保险理赔，因为信息不对称，许多案件均是围绕篡改保险标的要素展开的，如投保人、被保险人、受益人以使自己或者第三者获取保险金为目的，采取虚构保险标的、保险事故或者制造保险事故等方法，骗取车辆保险金、财产保险金、医疗保险金等。同样的，是要解决客户对保险公司的信任，客户保单遗失或因大灾难导致保单灭失和客户及受益人死亡，要靠保险公司自我良知的承认和不遗余力寻找其他受益人。另外保险购买的特殊性，先付费后赔偿的特点，也注定了要解决客户对保险公司信任的问题。

  First of all, the trust for “object of insurance” is a big problem to deal with urgently. The objects of insurance considered as the precondition of insurable interest are people’s life and body, and are insured object’s property and related interests. Insurance humbug exists in the insurance industry, especially in the situation where insurance claims are involved in compensation and property damages. Many cases are spread out the elements of tampering with the object of insurance due to the unmatched information. For example, policy-holder, insurant and beneficiary with the purpose of making themselves or others obtain insurance money diddled money of vehicle insurance, property insurance, medical insurance, etc. by fabricating the object of insurance, insurance accident or creating insurance accident. Meanwhile, the same to solve the customer’s trust in insurance companies, loss of customer policies or catastrophe that led to the loss of the policy, the death of the customer and the beneficiaries, which rely on the insurance company’s self-recognition and spare no effort to find other beneficiaries. On the other hand, the special nature of purchasing insurance, which the characteristics of compensation after the first payment, is doomed to solve trust issues of insurance corporations. 

其次，是信息安全痛点。信息安全最关键要解决时间不能随意修改，必须保证信息的真实可靠。“时间”是保险业经营管理的核心，无论先出险、后投保，还是倒签保单，均涉及时间问题，区块链的“时间戳”技术为上述问题的解决提供了条件。同时，区块链的“不可篡改”、“不可抵赖”和“可追溯”等功能，均为破解当今靠经验判断提供了解决工具。

The second pain point is information security. We must ensure that information is true and reliable and the time of it can't be modified. "Time" is the key point of the management of the insurance industry. Either insurance following claims or Anti-dated B/L are involved in the matter of time. Block chain’s "time-stamp" technology provides a solution to the problems mentioned above. At the same time, its other functions such as "unchangeable", "non-repudiation" and "traceability", etc. provide us tools rather than experience held by people to solve problems.

最后，保险服务体验一直是客户诟病投诉的重灾区，理赔难理赔慢在一定程度存在。保险区别于其他直接消费产品，费用的前置性和服务的延后性的矛盾，严重制约了保险业做大做强。一方面是晦涩的保险条款，客户难以搞明白保险责任；另一方面是理赔材料及流程的不熟悉，保险公司对理赔资料核实时间长，导致客户对保险公司保险购买前恭后倨的态度难以理解，体验感差。

Last, Insurance service is complained by customers all the time. To a certain degree, the hardness and tardiness of claims exist in insurance service long time. Insurance is different from the merchandise, its contradiction between the advanced cost and the delayed service restrict the industry’s scale. The reasons are described as follow: 1, it is difficult for customers to figure out the insurance liability through reading the obscure clauses; 2, staffs of some insurance companies are not familiar with the materials and processes of the settlement of claim, and they spend much time to verify them so that customers can not understand the different attitudes that polite before and haughty afterward. Finally customers feel bad to the experience of buying insurance.

第三部分 区块链在保险创新方面的作用

Part 3 The role of the chain block in the insurance’s innovation

基于区块链技术的安全、信任、自动化、可追溯性等特点，可以为保险行业在精准定价、信息安全、运营风险管控、保险反欺诈、个性化产品研发方面的创新提供一个不同的视角和空间及全新的实现路径。

Characteristics of Block Chain technology, as security, trust, automation, traceability, etc., can provide a different perspective and new realization path for insurance industry’s innovation in the field of accurate pricing, information security, operational risk controlling, insurance counter-fraud, personalized product’s research & development.

精准定价

从相互性角度来看，区块链结合智能合约，将带来保险业务的自治管理，保险产品所覆盖的范围和价格，都因合约执行过程中输入条件和数据的变化，而自动调整。如车险报价系统在报价过程中通过区块链技术反映出汽车的使用和司机驾驶行为，对司机驾驶危险性进行评级，最终进行精准定价。这种公平分担的定价机制，在一定程度将促进更多优质客户购买保险的积极性。

  Accurate pricing

  From the Angle of mutuality, Block Chain combined with intelligent contract will lead to autonomous management of insurance business. The range and price covered by insurance products will adjust themselves automatically because the inputting conditions and data changed during the period of executing the contract. Such as car insurance quote system reflects the use of the car and the driver’s driving behavior in the process of quotation through the method of Block Chain technology, evaluates the level for the driving risk, and ultimately carries on the accurate pricing. The pricing mechanism shared with fair, to some extent, will promote the enthusiasm of higher quality customers to buy insurance.  

  信息安全

  区块链建立在互联网基础上，任何接入互联网的端口均可接入区块链，任何证件、实物或无形资产、私人记录、证明，甚至公共记录都可迁移到区块链上，形成“数字身份证”。依赖于可靠、不可篡改的数据库，区块链将彻底改变人们身份、资产等相关信息的登记与验证方式，各类数据信息和社会活动将不再依靠第三方个人或机构来获得信任或建立信用，全网的多方验证形成了数据信息的“自证明”模式。在区块链时代，保险公司可以对个人身份信息、健康医疗记录、资产信息、权属信息、交易记录等客户交易信息实现全面验证与管理。保险公司最重要的是保单信息安全，目前保险公司更多的是采用纸质凭证和电脑机房数据备份的方式进行保单信息管理，客户保单遗失，更多的是依赖于保险公司系统数据和对其公信力信赖，但特殊大灾难也有可能导致保险公司数据和灾备数据同时灭失的情况发生。借助区块链技术的电子保单应运而生，这是互联网保险发展的基础。针对区块链数据不会泄露丢失等技术特点，部分保险公司正在研究将保单信息、客户信息及理赔信息放到区块链进行存储，避免意外事故对数据安全的冲击。

  Information security

  Block chain is built based on the internet, any access to the internet port can be accessed into Block Chain. And any identification, physical or intangible asset, personal record, proof, and even public record can be migrated to Block Chain to form a "digital ID". Depending on the reliable and unchangeable database, Block Chain will completely change people's way of registration and verification of identification and property and other relevant information. All kinds of data information and social activities will no longer rely on third-party individuals or institutions to obtain or establish credibility. The whole network’s Multi-party verification takes a shape of “verify by itself” model of the data information. In the era of Block Chain, insurance company can realize the full verification and management to customers’ transaction information including personal identity information, medical health record, asset information, ownership information, transaction records and so on. The most important work for an insurance company is to ensure the safety of policy information. And most insurance companies use paper voucher and the backup of computer data to manage the policy information. However, it is easy to lose customer policy due to too much reliance on insurance company’s system data and its credibility. Moreover, catastrophe may also cause the disappearance of insurance company’s data. At the right moment, the electronic policy, the foundation of Internet insurance’s development, emerges with the support of Block Chain technology. Because Block Chain’s data may not lose, some insurance companies are studying a storing way of putting the policy information, customer information and claims into Block Chain, in order to avoid the impact caused by accidents on the data security.

运营风险管理

保险是经营风险的，保险的原理风险是客观存在的。源于区块链数据的真实性和难以修改的特点，智能合约的出现有利于简化保单理赔处理流程，降低处理成本，降低索赔欺诈的概率。从事前预警承保风险，事中监管风险，事后防范欺诈风险，做到把风险消除在萌芽阶段。保险公司可借助区块链提升风险管理水平来降低出险比例，从而减少运营成本。

  Operational risk controlling

  Insurance operates risk which is an objective existence. Based on Block Chain’s feature of authenticity and unchangeable data, the intelligent contract is helpful to simplify the process of dealing with policy claims, to reduce the processing cost and the rate of being cheated. It will eliminate the risk in the bud stage if we warn the risks beforehand, make regulatory risks in the matter, and keep away from fraud risks afterward. Insurance companies can use Block Chain to raise the standard of risk management, in order to reduce operating costs and risking rate.

保险反欺诈

保险赖以生存的原则是最大诚信原则，趋利避害是每个人的天性，单纯依靠道德约束不太现实。保险行业通过区块链技术可以数字化管理个人数据，大大降低身份认证欺诈和索赔欺诈的概率，从而增加人们对保险产品的信任度。

  Insurance’s counter-fraud

  The principle of honesty is regarded as the biggest principle for insurance industry to survive. Striving for profits and avoiding disadvantages are the nature of human, but it is impossible to avoid fraud with moral constraint simply. The insurance industry can realize digital management for personal data by Block Chain technology, thus, the probability of identity and claimant fraud will be reduced greatly, so that it can increase people's trust in insurance products.

在区块链时代，生物识别、加密算法和分布式等技术确保客户投保做到真正的“如实告知”，保险公司甄别风险从信任人到信任机器，大大提升了风险管理能力。区块链在保险反欺诈的应用包括2方面：第一、区块链可以通过将不同公司之间的数据打通，相互参考，从而及时发现重复投保、历史理赔等信息，及时发现高风险用户。以去年3月份4000万意外伤害险骗保为例，扬州的周某在十余家寿险公司投保，直到人工核保时才查出来。如果在区块链记录了他每一次投保信息，很快就可以发现并及时采取措施。第二，是将不同行业的数据引入区块链，可以提高核保、核赔的准确性和效率。举一个重疾险的例子，如果能在区块链上查询到投保人所有的就诊记录，甚至直系亲属的就诊记录，对于投保人当前的身体状况、患病史、家族病史就有了一手的资料，有效地杜绝带病投保。

  In the era of Block Chain, technology like biological identification, encryption algorithm and distributed technology make sure to “tell the truth” to customers when they are covering insurance. These technologies enhances the ability to control risks after insurance companies change their way of distinguishing risks from human into machine. Block Chain’s application in the field of insurance’s counter-fraud includes the following 2 aspects:

  First, Block chain can dredge data between different companies. They can refer data each other so as to immediately find the information such as repeat insurance, historical claims, etc., and find the high-risk users timely. Take an accidental injury insurance fraud involved into 40 million RMB, which happened in March last year, as example. Zhou, from Yangzhou city, insured life insurance at more than 10 companies. He didn’t realize that he was cheated until the manual underwriting found out the problem. If the insurance companies recorded all of his insured information in Block Chain, they might have found the fraud and taken measures in time.

  Second, introducing different industries’ data into Block Chain can improve the accuracy and efficiency of underwriting and claim verifying. For example, If insurance companies can inquiry all diagnosis records of policy-holders and their immediate relatives in Block Chain, they will have the policy-holders’ primary information, including current physical conditions, historical disease of themselves and their family, etc., and will effectively eliminate the issue that someone with disease insures insurance.

促进个性化保险产品研发

保险经营的大数法则，同质化人群越大，越容易开发同类型保险产品，承保风险越容易分解。目前，深层次市场需求的保险服务创新是制约保险发展的一个重要因素。区块链技术则为个性化保险产品创新，提供了一个有效解决方案。区块链的分布式数据库打破了信息不对称对保险业务拓展的阻碍。区块链利用跨时空和时点的特性，灵活调整保险产品承保范围并定价，制定针对性的承保政策，有效拓展产品覆盖范围，满足个性化、定制化、差异化和碎片化的产品需求，推动互联网保险产品的自我进化。例如按使用天数定价的车辆保险、根据特殊事件或特殊时段投保的人身保险产品等。

  Promoting personalized product’s research & development

  The law of large numbers of insurance business is that the bigger the homogeneous population is, the easier that insurance companies could develop the same type of insurance products, and the insurance risks are more likely to break down. Currently, the insurance service innovation that has deeply market demand is an important factor which restricts the development of the insurance. Thus, Block Chain technology provides an effective solution to the innovation for personalized insurance products. Block Chain’s distributed database breaks through the obstruction that unequal information restricts the insurance business’s development. Block Chain uses its characteristics, such as limitless time and space, and time spot, to flexibly adjust insurance products’ coverage and pricing, to make corresponding underwriting policies, to expand products’ coverage effectively, to satisfy all demands for personalized, customized, differentiated and fragmented products, and to promote the internet insurance products’ self-evolution. Such as, the vehicle insurance which is priced according to the number of using days, the personal insurance which is insured according to a special event or period, etc.

提升保险服务体验

通过区块链可以建立保险应用场景，例如医疗保险理赔，车险理赔等，客户仅交纳个人自费部分即可，理赔由相关机构自动与保险公司结算。这种方式可以极大程度的改善保险服务体验，而且基于共识机制的智能合约就是通俗易懂的条款，同时区块链对实时承保、自动化理赔和自助保全方面提供了技术支持，为客户提供全新的体验。

Enhancing the insurance service’s experience

Through Block Chain we can establish the application of insurance, such as health insurance claims, vehicle insurance claims, etc. Customers only pay the individual self-paid part. And claims will be automatically settled by relevant institutions and insurance companies. This method can greatly improve the insurance service’s experience so that the intelligent contract based on the consensus mechanism is easy to understand. At the same time, Block Chain provides technical support for real-time underwriting, automatic claims and self-help preservation, and a new experience to customers.

第四部分 区块链应用下的相互保险新模式

今天的相互保险最大的机遇在于以互联网为代表的科技带来了技术支撑，尤其是区块链，不仅满足了分布式需要，更有共识机制、不可篡改和不可抵赖机制，为“后信任”提供了逻辑基础和实现可能，同时，智能合约可为透明和效率提供有力支持。相互保险可能成为保险业未来的终极业态。

Part 4 A new model of mutual insurance under the application of Block Chain

Today, the biggest opportunity for the mutual insurance is that the technology represented by the Internet, especially the Block Chain, has brought technical support. Block Chain satisfies the distributed requirements, moreover, it has mechanisms for consensus, unchangeable, and non-repudiation, and thus provides logical basis and realizing possibility for “post trust”. At the same time, the intelligent contract offers a strong support for data transparency and efficiency. Thus the mutual insurance may become the ultimate form of the insurance industry in the future.

区块链应用下的相互保险新模式，将导致保险公司的角色由传统的风险直接吸收者和处理者，转变为专业的风险管理顾问和风险资金池的管理者。不再依赖于保险中间商或中介，市场参与者可依赖于区块链技术有组织地自行创建风险池体系，更加直接、主动地自行管理风险。

 The new mutual insurance mode under the application of Block Chain will change the role of the insurance company from the traditional direct risk absorber and processor into a professional consultant of risk management and a manager of venture capital pool. No longer relying on the insurance broker or intermediary, market participants can use Block Chain technology to systematically create their own risk pool system so as to manage their own risks in a more direct and active way.

去中心化保险互助组织的不断发展，推动保险行业进入相互保险进入2.0时代。市场参与各方在业务规则下各尽其责，保险业生态系统将可能实现完全自治，打造一个透明、可靠、满意、信任、忠诚的保险社会。

 The continuous development of decentralized mutual insurance organization promotes the insurance industry to enter the era 2.0 of mutual insurance. Each of market participants does his duty under insurance business rules, thus the ecosystem of the insurance industry will be possible to achieve full autonomy, so as to create an insurance society which is full of transparency, reliability, satisfaction, trust and loyalty.

互助是人类社会面对和化解风险的重要手段，“人人为我，我为人人”是保险的真谛，随着技术手段的发展和人们对风险的认识，互助这种最原始的帮扶方式更加主动和理性融进了现代保险制度。今年6月，3家相互保险公司的正式批筹，标志着我国的相互保险完成了从“可能”到“现实”，但要真正实现从“理想”到“现实”，仍面临诸多挑战，能否在区块链技术下走出新路，让我们拭目以待。

  “All for one, one for all” is the essence of insurance. With the development of science and technology and the improvement of people's awareness of risks, cooperation, the important and primitive means to resolve the risk of human society, integrates into the modern insurance system actively and rationally. In June 2016, three Mutual Insurance Companies were officially approved, which marked that Chinese mutual insurance completed the shift from "possibility" to "reality". However, we are still facing up to many challenges before we turn the "ideal" into "reality". Let us wait and see whether the mutual insurance companies could start a new road with the Block Chain technology or not.

在贵阳,“区块链+相互保险”创新模式已具备了一些条件，贵阳已形成较为完整的数据挖掘、数据清洗、数据建模、数据安全的大数据公司，也通过第一家众筹金融交易所聚集了先进的众筹思维和众多业态，本土也成长了一家拥有200万货车司机的公路物流领袖企业“货车帮”。最近贵阳正在依托丰富的旅游资源筹建中国乃至世界第一家大数据旅游保险经纪公司。这种集合的、同质化风险的人群，在区块链技术背景下，既可以方便开发产品，也可以进行精准营销，更可以进行风险管理，甚至统一服务标准，将是相互保险模式最好的实践和探索。

  There has some good conditions for innovative pattern called as “Block Chain + Mutual Insurance” in Guiyang. Some complete big data companies which undertake careers as data mining, data cleaning, data modeling and data securing have been set up in Guiyang. The city gathered advanced Crowd-funding thoughts and many business forms through the first Crowd-funding company named “Guiyang Crowd-funding Finance Exchange”. The road logistical enterprise leader named “Truck Help” which has 2 million truck drivers has also grown up in Guiyang. Recently, Guiyang is relying on its rich tourism resources to build the world’s first brokerage firm undertaking big data travel insurance. Under the background of Block Chain, it is convenient for the crowd which has the feature of assembling and risk homogenization to develop products and to explore precise marketing. Furthermore, not only can the crowd carry out their risk management but also can unify the service standards. Thus, this will be the best practice and exploration of mutual insurance.

综上，区块链可以搭建最好的应用场景，作为金融三驾马车之一的保险业，定能走出新路、迈出新机遇。

  In summary, Block Chain can build the best scene for the insurance industry. As one of the three carriages of the finance, the insurance industry will get its new way with new opportunity.